Circular packaging solutions exist — but adoption is not automatic. This paper goes upstream to explore why reusable and refill systems struggle to scale in Indonesia’s everyday contexts. Drawing on case studies, workshops and focus groups, it reveals how social norms, trust, convenience, cost and infrastructure shape user behaviour. By grounding circular design in lived realities, the study provides practical insights for businesses, designers and policymakers seeking to move beyond pilots toward mainstream, inclusive circular packaging systems.
More Research Publications
- System-wide assessment of plastic pollution in Indonesia: external stakeholder mapping
- Implications of shorter sampling durations on the analysis of municipal solid waste generation and composition
- Archetypes to categorise upstream packaging strategies for a circular economy
- System-wide assessment of Indonesia’s plastic value chain: Mapping flows and stakeholders dynamics
- Satellite imagery pre-processing and feature extraction for the mapping of coastal ecosystems using Google Earth Engine
- Predictors of waste management behaviours in coastal communities in Indonesia
- Meta-analysis of the spatial distribution and composition of plastic macro-debris in Indonesia
- Multiple negative impacts of marine plastic pollution on tropical coastal ecosystem services, and human health and well-being
- Improving household waste management in Indonesia: A mixed-methods approach for waste sorting
- System-Wide Analysis of the Plastics Value Chain in Indonesia: The Five Levels of Information
- State of the evidence on the impacts of fishing plastic waste to coastal communities: protocol for a Systematic Evidence Map
- Adapting the engineering design process to develop a business model for service-oriented living labs: a case study of PISCES
- A Systems Analytics Approach to Reduce Plastic Pollution
- From riverbank to the sea: An initial assessment of plastic pollution along the Ciliwung River, Indonesia