Why do well-intentioned plastic interventions so often fail to deliver lasting change? This paper introduces the Five Levels of Information (5LoI) framework to reveal the hidden structural lock-ins shaping Indonesia’s plastics system. By examining environmental limits, infrastructure, governance, markets and human behaviour together, it exposes why technical fixes alone are insufficient. The analysis provides a powerful systems blueprint for policymakers, investors and practitioners seeking coordinated, long-term transitions to a circular plastics economy.
More Research Publications
- System-wide assessment of plastic pollution in Indonesia: external stakeholder mapping
- Implications of shorter sampling durations on the analysis of municipal solid waste generation and composition
- Archetypes to categorise upstream packaging strategies for a circular economy
- System-wide assessment of Indonesia’s plastic value chain: Mapping flows and stakeholders dynamics
- Satellite imagery pre-processing and feature extraction for the mapping of coastal ecosystems using Google Earth Engine
- Barriers to Mainstream Adoption of Circular Packaging in Indonesia
- Predictors of waste management behaviours in coastal communities in Indonesia
- Meta-analysis of the spatial distribution and composition of plastic macro-debris in Indonesia
- Multiple negative impacts of marine plastic pollution on tropical coastal ecosystem services, and human health and well-being
- Improving household waste management in Indonesia: A mixed-methods approach for waste sorting
- State of the evidence on the impacts of fishing plastic waste to coastal communities: protocol for a Systematic Evidence Map
- Adapting the engineering design process to develop a business model for service-oriented living labs: a case study of PISCES
- A Systems Analytics Approach to Reduce Plastic Pollution
- From riverbank to the sea: An initial assessment of plastic pollution along the Ciliwung River, Indonesia