System-wide assessment of plastic pollution in Indonesia: external stakeholder mapping

Plastic pollution is not only a material problem — it is a governance challenge shaped by who holds power, influence and voice. This paper looks beyond producers and waste managers to map the often-overlooked external stakeholders shaping Indonesia’s plastics system. Using Banyuwangi as a living case, it reveals how policies, finance, civil society, research and advocacy interact to enable — or block — systemic change. The study offers a new lens for designing coordinated, inclusive interventions across the plastics value chain.